Math 2.0

statement theorem

QR decomposition

Statement

Let AA be an n×nn \times n complex matrix. Then there are a unitary matrix QQ and an upper triangular matrix RR with A=QR.A = QR. If AA is real, then QQ and RR can be chosen real, with QQ orthogonal. If AA is invertible and the diagonal entries of RR are required to be positive, then QQ and RR are unique.

Remarks

For an invertible AA, the Gram–Schmidt process applied to the columns of AA gives the columns of QQ. A rectangular m×nm \times n matrix with m≥nm \ge n has a decomposition A=QRA = QR with QQ unitary m×mm \times m and RR upper triangular m×nm \times n. Householder reflections and Givens rotations compute it stably. It is used to solve least squares problems and in the QR algorithm for eigenvalues.

Explanations

L1 human

The QR decomposition writes a matrix as a rotation, possibly with reflections, times a triangular matrix. The columns of QQ are orthonormal, and RR records how to rebuild the columns of AA from them. It is the matrix form of the Gram–Schmidt process.

What this node needs for W2
  • edge about out: the concepts that the statement is about (0 of 1)
  • edge proves in: at least one proof node (0 of 1)
  • edge instance_of or illustrates in: one example that shows the statement at work (0 of 1)
  • explanation L2 (0 of 1)

The writing levels say how complete the text of a node is. They do not measure its truth.

What this needs

To read this node, read these 17 nodes in this order. The foundations come first, and the list ends with this node.

Each node uses the nodes above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows the evidence level, and the box also gives it as text. The list below has the same nodes.
  • no evidence level
  1. Identity matrix object
  2. Matrix definition
  3. Vector space definition
  4. Square matrix definition
  5. Transpose definition
  6. Inner product definition
  7. Linear combination definition
  8. Linear subspace definition
  9. Upper triangular matrix definition
  10. Conjugate transpose definition
  11. Orthogonal vectors definition
  12. Linear independence definition
  13. Linear span definition
  14. Unitary matrix definition
  15. Orthonormal family definition
  16. Gram–Schmidt process concept
  17. QR decomposition statement

Sources

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_decomposition, Square matrix