Math 2.0

statement proposition

Limits are unique in Hausdorff spaces

Statement

Let XX be a Hausdorff space and let (xn)n≥1(x_n)_{n \ge 1} be a sequence in XX. Say that (xn)(x_n) converges to x∈Xx \in X when for each neighbourhood NN of xx there is n0n_0 with xn∈Nx_n \in N for all n≥n0n \ge n_0. If (xn)(x_n) converges to xx and to yy, then x=yx = y.

Remarks

Proof: if x≠yx \neq y, take disjoint open sets U∋xU \ni x and V∋yV \ni y. For large nn, the point xnx_n is in both UU and VV, which is impossible. The same holds for nets and filters. In fact, a space is Hausdorff if and only if each net in it has at most one limit. In an indiscrete space with at least two points, each sequence converges to each point.

Explanations

L1 human

A sequence cannot come close to two different points at the same time, if the points have disjoint neighbourhoods. So in Hausdorff spaces, you can speak of the limit of a sequence.

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Sources

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff_space, Equivalences